Solder paste printing → SMT placement → Reflow soldering → AOI inspection → DIP insertion → Wave soldering → Functional test. High-speed placement machines can place 50,000+ components per hour. Top SMT brands: Yamaha, Panasonic, Fuji.
SPI (solder paste inspection) after printing, AOI after reflow, X-Ray for BGA joints, ICT/FCT for electrical testing. Yield depends on paste printing quality and reflow profile.