Guide / Heat Treatment Types

Heat Treatment Types

Understanding the four basic processes for steel

Four Basic Processes

ProcessTempCoolingResult
AnnealingAc3+30-50CFurnace coolSoftest, machinable
NormalizingAc3+50-80CAir coolFine grain, uniform
QuenchingAc3+30-50COil/waterHardest, brittle
Tempering150-650CAir coolTarget hardness+toughness

Always temper after quenching. Tempering at 200C reduces hardness 2-3 HRC but increases toughness 50-100%.