TIG, MIG, stick, flux-cored, submerged arc and laser welding processes
Tungsten inert gas. Non-consumable electrode, separate filler. Best for thin stainless, Al, Mg, Ti. Argon shielding.
Consumable wire, continuous feed. High deposition. Ar-CO2 for steel, pure Ar for Al.
Flux-coated electrode. Simplest, outdoor use. E6010 (deep pen), E7018 (low hydrogen).
Continuous tubular wire. Self-shielded or gas-shielded. 2-3× MIG deposition.
Submerged arc: granular flux, thick sections (10-100mm). Laser: narrow HAZ, low distortion.