Composite Materials Manufacturing

CFRP vs GFRP

CFRP: UTS 3500-7000 MPa, modulus 230-400 GPa, density 1.6. GFRP: UTS 1500-3500 MPa, density 2.5. CFRP 5-10× cost.

Prepreg + Autoclave

Fiber pre-impregnated with resin. ATL or hand layup. Autoclave: 3-7 bar, 120-180°C. Void <1%.

RTM

Dry preform in closed mold. Resin injected 2-10 bar. Cycle 30-120 min. VARTM for one-sided molds.

Filament Winding

Fiber wound on mandrel. Helical/hoop patterns. 90-95% material utilization. Pressure vessels, pipes.

Defects

Delamination, voids (<2% structural, <1% aerospace), fiber waviness, dry spots.